Three Tips for Choosing the Right Hearing Protector

We live in a noisy world where some sounds can harm our hearing, leading to hearing loss, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), and difficulty communicating, especially in noisy environments. Permanent noise-induced hearing damage is incurable. If reducing your noise exposure by turning down the volume, moving away from the sound, or limiting the duration of exposure isn't possible, hearing protection is essential. However, with so many styles, materials, colors, and sizes available, choosing the right hearing protection can be challenging. How do you know which one is best for you?

1) Know How Much Noise Reduction You Need

The first consideration when choosing a hearing protector is ensuring it provides enough noise reduction to lower your exposure to a safe level. Fortunately, most industrial noise exposures are below 95 dBA, meaning most workers only need about 10 dB of noise reduction to meet the Exposure Limit of 85 dBA. Almost any hearing protector, when properly fitted, can achieve this level of sound reduction.

For louder environments, higher levels of noise reduction are necessary, but it's important not to reduce sound too much. Just as too little light can be as problematic as too much light, too little sound can leave you feeling isolated and less aware of your surroundings. Overprotection can be counterproductive, as you might feel compelled to remove your hearing protector to hear conversations or monitor equipment. Aim for enough noise reduction to lower your exposure to 75-85 dBA.

The Noise Reduction Rating (NRR) on hearing protector packaging indicates the noise reduction achieved in laboratory tests, but actual noise reduction in the workplace is usually less. The best way to determine the noise reduction of a hearing protector is through fit-testing. If fit-testing isn't available, you can check the fit of earplugs by counting out loud while slowly cupping and uncapping your hands over your ears; a good fit should result in your voice sounding about the same whether your hands are cupped or not.

If you are exposed to noise levels of 100 dBA or greater (such as from chainsaws or jackhammers) or to impulsive sounds (like nail guns or firearms), you should use double hearing protection (earmuffs over earplugs).

2) Consider Your Worksite and Job Tasks

When selecting the right hearing protector, consider workplace characteristics beyond noise levels. Do you need to wear other head-level personal protective equipment (PPE) such as eye protection, a hard hat, or a respirator? Eye protection and some eyeglasses can interfere with the seal of earmuffs, allowing sound to leak in. Earmuffs might also conflict with the fit of hardhats or helmets, but some have a “low-profile” headband or can be mounted directly onto a hardhat, solving this problem. Ensure your hearing protection is compatible with other safety gear you use at work.

Additionally, consider whether the noise at your job is continuous or intermittent. Do you stay in one place most of the day, or do you move around? Earmuffs are easier to remove and replace than earplugs, making them better for intermittent noise exposure. If earmuffs are not an option due to compatibility with other PPE, pre-formed earplugs may be easier to handle than foam plugs. Level-dependent or sound restoration hearing protectors can also be useful for intermittent exposure, allowing sound to pass through at low noise levels and becoming protective when noise increases.

Do your hands frequently get dirty at work? If so, avoid foam earplugs that need to be rolled down before insertion unless you can wash your hands regularly. In tight spaces, earmuffs may not be practical. Consider the temperature of your work environment too; earmuffs can be uncomfortable in hot conditions and less effective in very cold environments.

Finally, think about how often you need to hear speech while wearing hearing protection. If spoken communication is common or high-fidelity sound is important (e.g., for musicians), flat attenuation hearing protectors may be helpful. Special communication headsets can also improve speech understanding in very loud environments.

3) Decide What is Most Comfortable and Convenient

After narrowing down your options to hearing protectors suitable for your noise exposure and compatible with your worksite and job tasks, the final choice is yours. Remember, hearing protection is effective only if worn consistently and correctly every time you are exposed to hazardous noise, so choose a protector that is comfortable and convenient.

Many people find earplugs more comfortable than earmuffs, particularly for long periods or in hot environments. Earplugs are lightweight, easy to store, and convenient for unexpected noise exposure. However, they can be harder to fit properly. Some earplugs come in different sizes, so you might need assistance determining the correct size. If your ear canals are very narrow or curvy, finding a suitable fit can be challenging. Earplugs are usually inexpensive but need frequent replacement, with some designed for single use only.

Earmuffs, on the other hand, are generally one-size devices and easier to fit consistently. They are easier to remove and replace quickly, making them ideal for intermittent use. However, they are bulkier than earplugs and may be uncomfortable in warm environments or tight spaces. Earmuffs are more expensive but durable and last longer than earplugs.

Hearing health depends on knowing how to protect your hearing and selecting the right form of hearing protection. Take a few minutes to ensure you are using the best hearing protection for your work tasks. Then, wear it every time you are exposed to noise levels above 85 dBA. Your ears will thank you!